Footwear Machinery

Colli FGB

GP8

Trimming machine suitable for a variety of trimming operations, such as:

• Deeply sewn linings on footwear with bound uppers
• Internal sections of women's boots
• Excess upper material on moccasins

The oil-bath lubrication of the eccentric moving parts ensures low-noise operation.

The machine is supplied with a profiled grinding wheel for sharpening the trimming knife.

Cgc

Z-9 (CEE)

Bottom beating machine for processing the shoe bottom and for leather ironing operations on men's footwear and boots.

A roller-type beating disc equipped with rings performs the shoe bottom processing, while a series of heated hammers (side and front) carry out the leather ironing operation.

The machine is also equipped with a side diamond grinding wheel connected to a built-in dust extraction unit.

Atom

HSP 588/3

Hydraulic die-cutting machine with moving head and photoelectric safety barrier control system, featuring adjustable stroke up to 150 mm.

Fratelli Alberti

AV2 ME

Skiving machine mounted on table with motor, grinding wheel motor and speed variator.

Fini

Rotar TERA SD

Direct-drive rotary screw compressor available with power ratings from 75 to 340 kW and noise levels ranging from 73 to 76 dB(A).

Antolli

CBR SP

Upper moulding machine without plates:

• Central plate stroke 350 mm with recirculating ball-bearing slide guides
• Side plate movement with recirculating ball-bearing slide guides
• Safety system preventing accidental hand crushing
• Touch screen programmer for easy control of all machine functions
• Automatic or pulse-operated descent of the central plate
• Adjustment of the central plate descent speed
• Micrometric adjustment of the side plates
• Energy-saving system

ITM

FA 500

Automatic comb punching machine with pitch control and monitoring managed by PLC and touch-screen interface.

Capability to store programs with fixed or variable pitch, both in terms of length and repetitions, and to control the punching speed up to 300 strokes/min.

The comb pattern can be developed up to 80 mm across the entire working width and can be configured with multiple pitches (compatible with comb tools from other manufacturers). The tooling can also be configured with multiple rows of punching dies.

The punching depth can be adjusted during operation without dismantling or loosening any mechanical components.

Fratelli Alberti

COMBI 65

Easy to use and compact, the COMBI 65 rotary bonding machine is designed for applications where space, dimensions and costs must be minimized.

It allows perfect continuous bonding of pre-glued materials without work interruptions.

Temperature, timing and pressure are adjustable within a wide operating range.

Bramac

Bramac BR-LED-LAMP

Bridge table lamp with LED lighting for uniform illumination of the working surface.

• Stable and compact bridge structure, RAL 7035 colour
• High-efficiency LED with 4000K colour temperature (warm light)
• Intensity adjustment through ergonomic push-button control
• Integrated Schuko socket + USB and USB-C ports for connecting accessories or charging devices

Bramac

Bramac BR-11

Stool with wooden seat and permanent contact with the back.

Angeleri

DC 140 C

Column-mounted glue dispenser with 2 dispensing guns.

Omac

600R

The OMAC 600R is an electro-pneumatic linear folding machine for cold folding operations.

It is designed to perform cold folding on a wide range of leather goods accessories, including wallets, cheque holders, credit card holders and handbags.

It is also used in the production of diaries, menus, desk accessories, sample folders, and leather or synthetic leather panels.

Folding width adjustable from 5 to 15 mm.

Bramac

Trolley CR06

Trolley for assembly 6 pairs open.

Tecno 2

T 72/AB UNIVERSALE CON PLCU CUSC.GONF

Pressa oleodinamica con plc, con bacinelle a settori di gomma a piani autosagomabili e piantoni di riscontro calzatura autoadattabili, per applicare ogni tipo di suola, compreso tacco Luigi XV.

Con bacinelle idrauliche con plcu con cuscino gonfiabile.

Stema

U21NT

Upper humidifying tunnel with conveyor belt and hot air/steam ventilation system.

The main advantage is that the toe-lasting operator receives the upper perfectly humidified and reactivated without having to load the machine manually.

The conveyor belt advancement is timer-controlled with photocell stop system, although manual advancement mode can also be selected.

Possibility to adjust steam percentage and air temperature (from 0°C to 220°C).

Stema

TS16E

Two-way tunnel for footwear ironing and stabilization with adjustable steam percentage and temperature setting up to 220°C.

The high quality standard achieved by this machine is obtained through the optimal orientation of the nozzles from which hot air and steam jets are released, directly affecting the areas of the footwear that usually present wrinkles and imperfections.

Sps Tecnologia Meccanica

988.M.PN.A

Pneumatic pedal-operated machine equipped with two revolving turret units, one upper and one lower, carrying 6 different tools or tool sets for punching operations or applications (eyelets, rivets, buckles, hooks, snap fasteners, etc.).

The two revolving units allow different applications to be performed without the need for continuous tool replacement.

The machine is mounted on a metal table with a height-adjustable steel stand.

Sicomec

415 SPEL/CN

Macchina timbrascatole pneumatica a colonna con numeratore a comando elettronico a 35 file di dischi a 39 posizioni per disco alfanumerico.

Completa di calcolatore a 144 linee memorizzabili e display a 8 righe-gruppo, temporizzatore e termoregolatore elettronico.

Matic

VR561/2P

Hot and steam moccasin stretching machine complete with 4 pairs of vertically arranged aluminium lasts, including 2 pairs in preheating position, featuring heated toe and heel sections.

Verdi Line.

Colli FGB

GP20

Machine for trimming the lining of eyelets and slots, available mounted on a table for upper trimming operations or on a column for trimming finished footwear.

During operation, the counter-punch arm can be rotated, allowing trimming at any point on the shoe or upper.

The machine is adjustable to accommodate the trimming of linings with different thicknesses.

The machine is supplied with a profiled grinding wheel for sharpening both the punch and the counter-punch.

Atom

HSP 588/11

Hydraulic die-cutting machine with moving head and photoelectric safety barrier control system, featuring adjustable stroke up to 150 mm.

Fratelli Alberti

AV2 MSAE

Skiving machine mounted on table with motor, grinding wheel motor, high-performance suction system and speed variator.

Fini

Rotar GIGA SD

Rotary screw compressor with Poly-V belt drive, available with power ratings from 55 to 75 kW and noise levels ranging from 70 to 72 dB(A).

Fratelli Alberti

COMBI 46

Easy to use and compact, the COMBI 46 rotary bonding machine is designed for applications where space, dimensions and costs must be minimized.

It allows perfect continuous bonding of pre-glued materials without work interruptions.

Temperature, timing and pressure are adjustable within a wide operating range.

Bramac

Bramac BR-12

Stool with wooden seat and permanent back contact.

Bramac

Bramac BR-UV-LAMP

Bridge table lamp with UV light for detecting markings on leather or fabrics made with UV pens or UV marking systems.

• Stable and compact bridge structure, RAL 7035 colour
• High-intensity UV light
• Integrated Schuko socket + USB and USB-C ports for connecting accessories or charging devices
• Easy installation, ideal for workbenches and sewing lines

Colli FGB

GP11S

Trimming machine suitable for trimming the surplus in the mid-edge of technical articles and footwear injected in rubber and PU.

Omac

E60

Oven equipped with 5 shelves.

• Electronic setting of temperature and drying time, with automatic shelf lowering
• Pneumatic door opening and closing system
• Manual tray loading
• Useful working dimensions: W = 600 mm, D = 560 mm, H = 600 mm
• Maximum temperature: 110°C
• Visual alarm

Bramac

Trolley CR07

Trolley for assembly version 1.

Stema

SP1

Pneumatic bell press with 1 working station, double-membrane support column adjustment and high vacuum system 13 cm.

The SP1 is used for sole attaching operations:

• the first membrane wraps the sole and the shoe (or boot)
• the second membrane perfectly assembles the sole onto the shoe-boot.

The support column moves horizontally, the last holder rotates 180° to facilitate loading of the boot leg, and the pressure of the two membranes is adjustable.

Matic

VR661S

Hot and steam moccasin stretching machine complete with 6 pairs of vertically arranged aluminium lasts.

Angeleri

MAV 3150 DC

Double gluing machine with 2 soft spreading rollers for adhesive application on both sides, 150 mm working width for solvent-based adhesives.

Mapro

PK 21 N

Pneumatic column-mounted branding machine equipped with a cliché holder, electric start pedal and automatic foil feed adjustable from 0 to 200 mm (available in all colours).

The PK21N is suitable for marking leather goods, leather articles and similar products.

The foil pigment is transferred onto the workpiece, reproducing the design engraved on the die.

Contact time is controlled by an electronic timer adjustable from 0 to 9.99 seconds, while marking depth can be set via an external mechanical stop.

Die temperature is adjustable from 0°C to 150°C through a probe-controlled temperature regulator.

The PK21N is equipped with a two-hand safety control system and a key-operated limit switch.

Fontana

TERMOVAPOR Mod. A

Steam softening unit designed to soften uppers before lasting or to facilitate the pre-shaping operation, mounted on a height-adjustable column and equipped with a foot pedal for opening the steam chamber.

Atom

MF 9.1

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with “Multiforce” end-stroke system, requiring no cutting force adjustment and allowing immediate transition from small dies to large dies.

Fini

Rotar MEGA SD

Rotary screw compressor with Poly-V belt drive, available with power ratings from 37 to 55 kW and noise levels ranging from 70 to 74 dB(A).

Bramac

Bramac BR-13

Stool with wooden seat, footrest, and permanent back contact.

Bramac

Trolley CR08

Trolley for assembly version 2.

Stema

PP01B

Bench-mounted pneumatic press for applying thermoplastic toe puffs to the upper.

Pressing temperatures and times are managed and displayed by temperature controllers and timers, ensuring absolute precision.

Thanks to the installed control panel, it is possible to adjust the presser temperature (from 0°C to 300°C) and the pressing time (from 0 to 99 seconds).

Angeleri

MAV 3230C

Gluing machine for neoprene adhesives or rubber solutions, 230 mm working width, mounted on column. Used in both footwear manufacturing and leather goods processing.

Mapro

F 880

Pneumatic marking machine for linings, uppers and belts, equipped with a hot numbering unit featuring 10 discs and an automatic foil feed adjustable from 0 to 200 mm (available in all colours).

Under the effect of heat and pressure, the colouring substance of the foil is transferred onto the workpiece, reproducing the printed characters.

The contact time between the numbering unit and the workpiece is controlled by an electronic timer adjustable from 0 to 9.99 seconds, while the marking depth can be adjusted by means of an external mechanical stop.

The operating temperature of the marking die is adjustable from 0°C to 150°C by means of a probe-controlled temperature regulator.

ITM

SSB 101

Semi-automatic two-station boot stretching machine equipped with motorized rotating lasts (270° rotation) controlled by a foot pedal, last opening with separate pressure adjustment for the ankle and calf areas, and analogue temperature control.

Atom

S 120

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Fini

Rotar TOP

Rotary screw compressor with Poly-V belt drive, available with power ratings from 30 to 37 kW and noise levels ranging from 71 to 72 dB(A).

Bramac

Trolley CR09

Trolley for assembly version 3.

Stema

PP02

Two-station pneumatic press for toe puff application with automatic locking clamp.

The PP02 is suitable for bonding thermoplastic toe puffs to the upper.

Pressing temperatures and times are managed and displayed by temperature controllers and timers, ensuring absolute precision.

Thanks to the installed control panel, it is possible to adjust the presser temperature (from 0°C to 300°C) and the pressing time (from 0 to 99 seconds).

Matic

M928I

"Ideal" heel-seat shaping machine with 2 heated stations, equipped with a pair of moulds and special heated cushions, oscillating pincers and an external toe-puff edge folding device.

Angeleri

MAV 3250C

Gluing machine for neoprene adhesives or rubber solutions, 150 mm working width, column-mounted for sole bonding operations.

Conveyor roller with removable bayonet coupling, replaceable with a brush roller for adhesive application on steel shanks used in insoles.

Mapro

E 32 F

Pneumatic column-mounted marking machine for linings and complete uppers, equipped with a hot numbering unit featuring 7 discs and an automatic foil feed adjustable from 0 to 200 mm (available in all colours).

Under the effect of heat and pressure, the colouring substance of the foil is transferred onto the workpiece, reproducing the printed characters.

The operating temperature of the marking die is adjustable from 0°C to 150°C by means of a probe-controlled temperature regulator.

ITM

MRS 200

Beating and ironing machine designed for flattening bonded and laminated parts, ensuring the final pressing and smoothing of seams, as well as closing the raw edge of the lining after trimming on finished footwear.

Equipped with a heated anvil arm controlled by a digital temperature regulator and operated by a foot pedal.

Atom

S120C

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Fini

Rotar PLUS SD

Rotary screw compressor with Poly-V belt drive, available with power ratings from 18.5 to 22 kW and noise levels ranging from 70 to 71 dB(A).

Volber

Volber 3

4-compartment men's last rack.

Volber

303

Bonding machine with manual rotation of the iron working table, electronic temperature control and pressing plate with non-stick Teflon coating.

Volber

Volber 10

Cutting table with inclined top, slide and drawer for scraps.

Atom

S124 CE

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Stema

PU05

Press machine for humidifying the upper and reactivating the toe puff before lasting operations.

Humidifying is carried out through the upper press unit, which heats and injects superheated steam onto the upper, while reactivation is performed by the lower presser, which heats the lining and the toe puff.

The machine is equipped with a control panel allowing adjustment of the lower presser temperature (from 100°C to 200°C), steam injection time (from 0 to 9.9 seconds) and total cycle time (from 0 to 99 seconds).

Temperatures are managed and displayed by temperature controllers ensuring absolute precision.

Matic

94D

Rotary heel-seat shaping system with 8 working stations: 4 heated and 4 cooled stations, equipped with clamping pincers, toe-puff edge folding device and optical projectors.

Angeleri

LX 400

Double spreading roller gluing machine with 400 mm working width for latex, vinyl and water-based adhesives, equipped with rotating and adjustable glue dosing system.

Independent central and side double feeding system.

All parts in contact with the adhesive are made of stainless steel or aluminium.

Also available with suction system.

Mapro

E 32 T

Pneumatic column-mounted branding machine equipped with a cliché holder. The machine is suitable for marking insoles, heel pads and soles made of any material and is fitted with an electric foot pedal for print activation and an automatic foil feed adjustable from 0 to 200 mm (available in all colours).

Under the effect of heat and pressure, the colouring substance of the foil is transferred onto the workpiece, reproducing the engraved characters.

The operating temperature of the marking die is adjustable from 0°C to 150°C by means of a probe-controlled temperature regulator.

The E32T is equipped with a two-hand safety control system and a key-operated electrical limit switch.

ITM

MRT 400

Beating and ironing machine designed for flattening bonded and laminated parts to achieve the final pressing and smoothing of seams.

Equipped with an arm featuring a heated anvil controlled by a digital temperature regulator and operated by a foot pedal.

Fini

Rotar K-MAX

Direct-drive rotary screw compressor without gears.

Also available mounted on a 500 L air receiver, with or without dryer, and in a variable-speed version. Available with power ratings from 11 to 15 kW and noise levels ranging from 65 to 68 dB(A).

Iron Fox

AS 1450

Universal sole attaching machine with 2 working stations, particularly suitable for pressing Opanka-type soles and soles with very high edges, which would be almost impossible to press using traditional machines.

The machine is equipped with mechanical, electromechanical and photoelectric safety systems, as well as electronically adjustable support column.

Atom

S124C CE

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Stema

PU06

Two-station press machine for humidifying the upper and reactivating the toe puff before lasting operations.

Humidifying is carried out through the upper press unit, which heats and injects superheated steam onto the upper, while reactivation is performed by the lower presser, which heats the lining and the toe puff.

The machine is equipped with a control panel allowing adjustment of the lower presser temperature (from 100°C to 200°C), steam injection time (from 0 to 9.9 seconds) and total cycle time (from 0 to 99 seconds).

Temperatures are managed and displayed by temperature controllers ensuring absolute precision.

Matic

M94D/CG

Rotary heel-seat shaping system with 8 working stations: 4 heated stations equipped with moulds and rubber cushions, and 4 cooled stations equipped with moulds and inflatable diaphragms.

Angeleri

MAV 4150 ECOL-S

Double spreading roller gluing machine with 400 mm working width for latex, vinyl and water-based adhesives, equipped with rotating and adjustable glue dosing system.

Independent central and side double feeding system.

All parts in contact with the adhesive are made of stainless steel or aluminium.

Also available with suction system.

Mapro

E 380 T

Pneumatic column-mounted branding machine equipped with a cliché holder and electric start pedal.

The machine is suitable for marking insoles, heel pads and soles made of any material and is equipped with an electric print-start pedal and an automatic foil feed adjustable from 0 to 200 mm (available in all colours).

Under the effect of heat and pressure, the colouring substance of the foil is transferred onto the workpiece, reproducing the design engraved on the die.

The operating temperature of the marking die is adjustable from 0°C to 150°C by means of a probe-controlled temperature regulator.

The E380T is equipped with a two-hand safety control system and a key-operated electrical limit switch.

Fioretto

F 16

Semi-automatic two-station boot stretching machine equipped with rotating lasts featuring automatic balancing and analogue temperature controllers for regulating the last temperature.

Quick-release system for rapid last replacement and mechanical adjustment of last opening width.

Fini

Rotar QUADRO

Rotary screw compressor also available mounted on an air receiver of up to 500 L, with or without an integrated dryer, featuring power ratings from 7.5 to 15 kW and noise levels ranging from 68 to 70 dB(A).

Volber

Volber 14

Lasting support column.

ITM

PA 111

The PA 111 is a laminating press with book-type opening, designed to facilitate material positioning.

The machine is supplied with a dedicated mould for bonding reinforcements onto elastic sock uppers while simultaneously shaping the toe area.

Thanks to its lever system, it develops a high closing force and can alternatively be supplied, instead of the mould, with a flat working surface featuring felt and silicone on the lower side and PTFE paper on the upper side.

RFS Comec

BT4 F

High-power leather cutting press equipped with a CL4 safety light barrier and automatic shuttle table.

The operating cycle is fully automatic and programmable. Pressing time is controlled by a PLC, while heating is managed through a digital temperature controller with display.

Matic

M928CG

Heel-seat shaping machine equipped with 2 heated stations and vacuum inflatable diaphragms.

Compact Series.

Angeleri

ECOL 4155 MINI RM

Soft roller gluing machine with 150 mm working width for water-based adhesives, equipped with glue dosing system with Teflon-coated doctor blade. The spreading roller allows adhesive application also on irregular surfaces.

All parts in contact with the adhesive are made of stainless steel or aluminium and can be easily dismantled to facilitate cleaning operations.

Also available mounted on table.

Fioretto

MF 76/BV

Semi-automatic two-station boot stretching machine equipped with rotating lasts featuring automatic balancing and digital temperature controllers for regulating the last temperature.

Quick-release system for rapid last replacement and mechanical adjustment of the last opening width.

Atom

S125

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Fini

Rotar MICRO

Soundproof rotary screw compressor with Poly-V belt drive.

Also available mounted on a 200 L air receiver, with or without an integrated dryer.

Volber

Volber 18

Sole carrier trolley for cutting department.

Oshima

OP-450GS

Continuous fusing machine for fabrics equipped with trolley.

• Belt width: 45 cm
• The machine is open on one side, allowing the fusing of fabrics wider than the belt width
• It also enables edge fusing without the need for heat treatment across the entire fabric surface
• Maximum pressure: 1.5 kg/cm²
• Electronic temperature control ensures a uniform and durable bond between the fabric, fusible interlining and interfacing materials
• Rotating scrapers prevent the interlining from sticking to the conveyor belts

RFS Comec

BT4 P

Pressa per la stampa e la placcatura della pelle dotata di:

• Carrello automatico
• Protezione meccanica o barriera di sicurezza CL4
• Riscaldamento superiore, inferiore o doppio.

Il tempo di pressata è gestito da plc ed il riscaldamento è controllato da un termoregolatore visualizzato.

Matic

929CG/2RP

Heel-seat shaping machine with 4 working stations: 2 heated stations for upper reactivation and 2 shaping stations, equipped with vacuum inflatable diaphragms and clamping pincers, also fitted on the reactivation stations.

Intercom

I288M

Macchina composta dal banco aspirante B2410, pistola G6 e un contenitore inox da 10 lt rivestito con teflon antiadesivo.

Il banco aspirante B2410, montato su ruote, è dotato di un motore indipendente e di un doppio sistema di aspirazione (frontale e sul piano d'appoggio).

La pistola G6 può effettuare spruzzature da 3 a 50 mm ed è regolabile in tutte le sue funzioni: quantità di adesivo, larghezza del getto e qualità di distribuzione.

Atom

S125C

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Volber

Volber 20

8-shelf die trolley.

Iron Fox

AS1800 K52

New patented universal sole attaching machine with one or two working stations, suitable for all types of technical, sports, military and classic footwear.

In recent years, the entire mechanical system has been redesigned to ensure greater operator safety, and now the electronic protection systems have also been upgraded.

Max Stir

550 A

Adhesive bonding press equipped with a thermal-magnetic circuit breaker and a stable, heavy-duty cast working plate.

The electronic control unit allows precise adjustment of temperature, timer settings (with acoustic warning signal) and operating temperature from 0 to 250°C.

Matic

M33/2RP

Heel-seat shaping machine with 4 working stations: 2 heated stations for upper reactivation and 2 shaping stations, equipped with rubber cushions, pneumatic side pressure pads and clamping pincers, also fitted on the reactivation stations.

Top Series.

Intercom

I348

Macchina composta dal banco aspirante B3, pistola S4 e un contenitore inox da 10 lt rivestito con teflon antiadesivo.

Il banco aspirante B3 può essere inserito in un piano di lavoro già esistente, può essere appoggiato sul piano o può essere collocato verticalmente per ottenere un'aspirazione frontale.

La pistola G6 può effettuare spruzzature da 3 a 50 mm ed è regolabile in tutte le sue funzioni: quantità di adesivo, larghezza del getto e qualità di distribuzione.

Atom

SE 20

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.

Volber

Volber 21

Rotating upper carrier trolley.

Bramac

Bramac BR-111

Manual heat press ideal for different types of processing

• Equipped with a working area of 150x150 mm
• It guarantess uniform pressing even at the ends of the work surface
• Using the control panel it is possible to adjust the temperature of the upper plate and the pressing time
• The pressure can be adjusted can be adjusted using the knob above the upper plate
• The maximum thickness worked is 8 mm and the maximum temperature is 232°C

Intercom

I380CR

Manual spray gluing system consisting of a B3 extraction bench mounted on wheels and equipped with an installed S8C gravity-feed adhesive application unit.

The machine consists of:

• Extraction bench mounted on a height-adjustable base fitted with wheels for easy relocation within the factory and equipped with a powerful, low-noise motor to provide enhanced overspray extraction capacity
• G6 spray gun designed for both precision bonding applications and the adhesive coating of large surfaces
• Gravity-feed support system: the spray gun is supplied directly from the adhesive package (bag-in-box), positioned on a dedicated elevated support that allows the adhesive to flow naturally by gravity

Max Stir

1200 A

Adhesive bonding press equipped with a thermal-magnetic circuit breaker and a stable, heavy-duty cast working plate.

Thanks to the electronic control unit, temperature, timer (with acoustic warning signal) and pressure can be precisely adjusted, with a temperature range from 0 to 250°C.

Matic

M33CG/2RP

Heel-seat shaping machine with 4 working stations: 2 heated stations for upper reactivation and 2 shaping stations, equipped with inflatable diaphragms and clamping pincers, also fitted on the reactivation stations.

Atom

SE 20C

Hydraulic swing-arm die-cutting machine with automatic end-stroke positioning for the use of dies with different heights, equipped with two push-buttons and potentiometer for cutting force adjustment.